Hypothesis Testing
- What is the primary purpose of inferential statistics?
- A. To describe the main features of a dataset
- B. To draw conclusions about a population based on a sample
- C. To organize and summarize data
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D. To determine the reliability of data
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Which of the following is an example of a parameter?
- A. Sample mean
- B. Sample standard deviation
- C. Population mean
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D. Sample variance
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Which statistical test is used to compare the means of two independent groups?
- A. Paired t-test
- B. Independent t-test
- C. ANOVA
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D. Chi-square test
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A Type I error occurs when:
- A. A true null hypothesis is incorrectly rejected
- B. A false null hypothesis is incorrectly rejected
- C. A true null hypothesis is incorrectly accepted
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D. A false null hypothesis is incorrectly accepted
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The p-value represents:
- A. The probability that the null hypothesis is true
- B. The probability of observing the data, or something more extreme, assuming the null hypothesis is true
- C. The probability of making a Type I error
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D. The power of the test
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Which of the following is true about the confidence interval?
- A. It provides the exact value of the population parameter
- B. It indicates the range within which the sample mean will fall 95% of the time
- C. It provides a range of values within which the population parameter is likely to fall
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D. It determines the sample size needed for a study
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What is the central limit theorem?
- A. The distribution of sample means will be approximately normally distributed, regardless of the distribution of the population, given a sufficiently large sample size
- B. The sum of a large number of independent and identically distributed random variables will be approximately normally distributed
- C. The probability distribution of a continuous random variable will be normal if the sample size is large enough
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D. The mean of a large sample will equal the mean of the population
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When should you use a chi-square test?
- A. To compare the means of more than two groups
- B. To test the association between two categorical variables
- C. To compare the variances of two samples
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D. To analyze the relationship between a continuous and a categorical variable
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If the 95% confidence interval for a mean difference includes zero, what does this imply?
- A. The difference is statistically significant
- B. The null hypothesis cannot be rejected
- C. The sample size is too small
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D. The p-value is less than 0.05
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The power of a statistical test is:
- A. The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true
- B. The probability of accepting the null hypothesis when it is false
- C. The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false
- D. The probability of making a Type I error
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In hypothesis testing, the null hypothesis is:
- A. A statement of no effect or no difference
- B. A statement that there is an effect or a difference
- C. Always the hypothesis that the researcher wants to prove
- D. Less important than the alternative hypothesis
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The sample statistic that is most commonly used to estimate a population parameter is called:
- A. Estimator
- B. Point estimate
- C. Confidence interval
- D. Hypothesis
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Which method is used to determine the sample size for a study?
- A. Power analysis
- B. T-test
- C. Chi-square test
- D. Correlation coefficient
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The F-test in ANOVA is used to:
- A. Test for the equality of two variances
- B. Test for the equality of three or more means
- C. Test for the equality of proportions
- D. Test for independence between two categorical variables
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Which of the following is true regarding the normal distribution?
- A. It is skewed to the right
- B. It is defined by its mean and standard deviation
- C. It can only take on positive values
- D. It is bimodal
Correct Answers
- B
- C
- B
- A
- B
- C
- A
- B
- B
- C
- A
- B
- A
- B
- B