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Hypothesis Testing

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  1. What is the primary purpose of inferential statistics?
  2. A. To describe the main features of a dataset
  3. B. To draw conclusions about a population based on a sample
  4. C. To organize and summarize data
  5. D. To determine the reliability of data

  6. Which of the following is an example of a parameter?

  7. A. Sample mean
  8. B. Sample standard deviation
  9. C. Population mean
  10. D. Sample variance

  11. Which statistical test is used to compare the means of two independent groups?

  12. A. Paired t-test
  13. B. Independent t-test
  14. C. ANOVA
  15. D. Chi-square test

  16. A Type I error occurs when:

  17. A. A true null hypothesis is incorrectly rejected
  18. B. A false null hypothesis is incorrectly rejected
  19. C. A true null hypothesis is incorrectly accepted
  20. D. A false null hypothesis is incorrectly accepted

  21. The p-value represents:

  22. A. The probability that the null hypothesis is true
  23. B. The probability of observing the data, or something more extreme, assuming the null hypothesis is true
  24. C. The probability of making a Type I error
  25. D. The power of the test

  26. Which of the following is true about the confidence interval?

  27. A. It provides the exact value of the population parameter
  28. B. It indicates the range within which the sample mean will fall 95% of the time
  29. C. It provides a range of values within which the population parameter is likely to fall
  30. D. It determines the sample size needed for a study

  31. What is the central limit theorem?

  32. A. The distribution of sample means will be approximately normally distributed, regardless of the distribution of the population, given a sufficiently large sample size
  33. B. The sum of a large number of independent and identically distributed random variables will be approximately normally distributed
  34. C. The probability distribution of a continuous random variable will be normal if the sample size is large enough
  35. D. The mean of a large sample will equal the mean of the population

  36. When should you use a chi-square test?

  37. A. To compare the means of more than two groups
  38. B. To test the association between two categorical variables
  39. C. To compare the variances of two samples
  40. D. To analyze the relationship between a continuous and a categorical variable

  41. If the 95% confidence interval for a mean difference includes zero, what does this imply?

  42. A. The difference is statistically significant
  43. B. The null hypothesis cannot be rejected
  44. C. The sample size is too small
  45. D. The p-value is less than 0.05

  46. The power of a statistical test is:

    • A. The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true
    • B. The probability of accepting the null hypothesis when it is false
    • C. The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false
    • D. The probability of making a Type I error
  47. In hypothesis testing, the null hypothesis is:

    • A. A statement of no effect or no difference
    • B. A statement that there is an effect or a difference
    • C. Always the hypothesis that the researcher wants to prove
    • D. Less important than the alternative hypothesis
  48. The sample statistic that is most commonly used to estimate a population parameter is called:

    • A. Estimator
    • B. Point estimate
    • C. Confidence interval
    • D. Hypothesis
  49. Which method is used to determine the sample size for a study?

    • A. Power analysis
    • B. T-test
    • C. Chi-square test
    • D. Correlation coefficient
  50. The F-test in ANOVA is used to:

    • A. Test for the equality of two variances
    • B. Test for the equality of three or more means
    • C. Test for the equality of proportions
    • D. Test for independence between two categorical variables
  51. Which of the following is true regarding the normal distribution?

    • A. It is skewed to the right
    • B. It is defined by its mean and standard deviation
    • C. It can only take on positive values
    • D. It is bimodal

Correct Answers

  1. B
  2. C
  3. B
  4. A
  5. B
  6. C
  7. A
  8. B
  9. B
  10. C
  11. A
  12. B
  13. A
  14. B
  15. B

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